| Peer-Reviewed

Concomitant Child Strabismus: Clinical Forms and Treatment

Received: 15 April 2020     Accepted: 26 April 2020     Published: 27 May 2020
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Aim: To describe the different clinical forms of concomitant strabismus and the results of treatment. Patients and methods: Descriptive retrospective study conducted from January 2007 to December 2017 (10 years), on records children with strabismic, aged 1 to 16 in the department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Results: Of the 7,722 children collected during the study period, 130 had strabismus, a rate of 1.7%. Forty three (43%) children were boys and 74 (57%) were girls with a sex ratio of 0.75. The average age of the first consultation was 9.3 ± 3.2 years old (1 to 16). The age group of 2-6 years old was the most represented with 43.9% of patients. Depending on the type of strabismus we found as many convergent as divergent strabismus which affects both girls and boys. There was 72.3% monocular strabismus and 27.7% alternation. Dominance was greater on the right, 30.7% and 15.4% dominance on the left. The majority of patients had an initial angle ≥ 25 prismatic diopters (∆), i.e. 43%, 38.5% had a deviation between 10 and 25∆, 18.5% had a deviation between 10 and 5∆. Ametropia was associated with strabismus in 107 patients or 82% of the cases. Optical and orthoptic treatment was prescribed in 67.7% of cases. 11 patients had deep amblyopia. After treatment 54% of the patients had a final deviation ≤ 10∆ and 29.1% had a final deviation ≥ 25 ∆. Conclusion: We found as many convergent strabismus as divergent strabismus. The most representative age group was that of 2 to 6 years old. The treatment was optical and orthoptic.

Published in International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 5, Issue 2)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Congenital Eye Abnormalities

DOI 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14
Page(s) 57-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Strabismus, Amblyopia, Optical Correction

References
[1] Graham PA. Epidemiology of strabismus Br J Ophthalmol 1974; 58: 224-31.
[2] Lorenz B. Genetic of isolated and syndromic strabismus: Facts and perceptives strabismus 2002; 10: 147-56.
[3] Auzemery A, Andriamanamihadja R, Boisier P. A survery of the prevalence and causes of eye disorders in primary school children in Antananarivo. Cahier Santé. 1995; 5: 163-6.
[4] Ebana C, Ellong A, Omgbwa E, Ebana S, Dohvoma V, Bella L. caractéristiques du strabisme en milieu Camerounais. Rev SOAO 2013; 1: 38-34.
[5] Kikudi Z, Maertens K, Kayembé L. Strabisme et hétérophorie: situation du Zaïre. J Fr Ophtalmol 1988; 11: 765-8.
[6] Yogolelo Lo Asani B, Masau Nkola A, Buyi Musanzayi S, Cilundika Mulenga P et al. Etude du strabisme chez les enfants de 0 à15 ans suivis à Lumbubashi RDC: analyse des aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques. Pan afr Med J. 2015; 22: 66.
[7] Faghihi M, Ostadimoghaddam H, Yekta A A. Ambliopia and strabismus in Iranian school childreens, Mashhad Am, Ophtalmol. 2002; 23 (4) 47-79.
[8] Zhu H, Yu JJ, Yu RB, Ding H, Bai J, Chen J et al. Association between childhood strabismus and refractive error in Chinese preschool childreen. Plos One. 2015 March; 10 (3): e 0120720.
[9] Robaei D, Kifley A, Mitchell P. Factors associated with a previous diagnosic of strabismus in population based sample of 12 years old Australian chlidren. AmJOphthalmol. 2006; 142: 1085-8.
[10] Goldstein H, Henderson M, Goldberg ID, Benitez E, Hauwkins CM. Perinotal factors associatiated with strabismus in negro children. AJPH. 1967; 57: 217-28.
[11] Azonobi IR et al. Prevalence and Pattern of strabimus in Ilorin. West AfrJ Med. 2009; 28 (4) 253-6.
[12] Ebana Mvogo SR, Dohvoma Viola A, Omgbwa Eballé A, Ellong A, Belinga Kyé O, Ebana Mvogo C. Profil des amétropies statiques chez les sujets atteints d’un strabisme concomitant à l’Hôpital Général de Douala. Rev SOAO 2016; 1: 13-19.
[13] Chia A, Roy L, Seenyen L. Cocomitant horizontal strabismus: an asian perspective. Br J Ophtalmol. 2007; 91: 1337-40.
[14] Quéré MA, Péchereau A, Lavenant F. Epidémiologie actuelle de l’amblyopie strabique en France J Fr Ophtalmol 1985; 8: 487-96.
[15] Regoda y, Sefic-Kasumovic S. Role of hereditary factors in strabismus occurrence. Med Arch. 2012; 66 (6): 418-9.
[16] Kac MJ et al. Fréquency of ocular deviation at the strabismus sector of the hospitaldoes servidor publico Estadual de Sao paulo. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2007; 70 (6): 939-42.
[17] Hugonnier R, HugonnierS. Strabisme hétérophories et paralysies oculomotrice. Paris, Masson 1981; 334-7.
[18] Lebuisson DA, ARON S. La vision binoculaire et les strabismes du jeune enfant. Ped UNEF 1983; 450-51.
[19] Lang J. Strabisme. Diagnostic, formes cliniques et traitement. Maloine, Paris, 1981 98-105.
[20] Birch EE, Stager DR Sr. Long term motor and sensory outcomes after early surgery for infantile esotropia. J AAPOS, 2006; 10: 409-13.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Chantal Makita, Charles Geraud Fredy Nganga Ngabou, Eyissa Nzi Gombe, Reinette Messe Ambia Koulimaya. (2020). Concomitant Child Strabismus: Clinical Forms and Treatment. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 5(2), 57-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Chantal Makita; Charles Geraud Fredy Nganga Ngabou; Eyissa Nzi Gombe; Reinette Messe Ambia Koulimaya. Concomitant Child Strabismus: Clinical Forms and Treatment. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2020, 5(2), 57-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Chantal Makita, Charles Geraud Fredy Nganga Ngabou, Eyissa Nzi Gombe, Reinette Messe Ambia Koulimaya. Concomitant Child Strabismus: Clinical Forms and Treatment. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;5(2):57-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14,
      author = {Chantal Makita and Charles Geraud Fredy Nganga Ngabou and Eyissa Nzi Gombe and Reinette Messe Ambia Koulimaya},
      title = {Concomitant Child Strabismus: Clinical Forms and Treatment},
      journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {57-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20200502.14},
      abstract = {Aim: To describe the different clinical forms of concomitant strabismus and the results of treatment. Patients and methods: Descriptive retrospective study conducted from January 2007 to December 2017 (10 years), on records children with strabismic, aged 1 to 16 in the department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Results: Of the 7,722 children collected during the study period, 130 had strabismus, a rate of 1.7%. Forty three (43%) children were boys and 74 (57%) were girls with a sex ratio of 0.75. The average age of the first consultation was 9.3 ± 3.2 years old (1 to 16). The age group of 2-6 years old was the most represented with 43.9% of patients. Depending on the type of strabismus we found as many convergent as divergent strabismus which affects both girls and boys. There was 72.3% monocular strabismus and 27.7% alternation. Dominance was greater on the right, 30.7% and 15.4% dominance on the left. The majority of patients had an initial angle ≥ 25 prismatic diopters (∆), i.e. 43%, 38.5% had a deviation between 10 and 25∆, 18.5% had a deviation between 10 and 5∆. Ametropia was associated with strabismus in 107 patients or 82% of the cases. Optical and orthoptic treatment was prescribed in 67.7% of cases. 11 patients had deep amblyopia. After treatment 54% of the patients had a final deviation ≤ 10∆ and 29.1% had a final deviation ≥ 25 ∆. Conclusion: We found as many convergent strabismus as divergent strabismus. The most representative age group was that of 2 to 6 years old. The treatment was optical and orthoptic.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Concomitant Child Strabismus: Clinical Forms and Treatment
    AU  - Chantal Makita
    AU  - Charles Geraud Fredy Nganga Ngabou
    AU  - Eyissa Nzi Gombe
    AU  - Reinette Messe Ambia Koulimaya
    Y1  - 2020/05/27
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14
    T2  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    JF  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    JO  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    SP  - 57
    EP  - 60
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2637-3858
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200502.14
    AB  - Aim: To describe the different clinical forms of concomitant strabismus and the results of treatment. Patients and methods: Descriptive retrospective study conducted from January 2007 to December 2017 (10 years), on records children with strabismic, aged 1 to 16 in the department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Results: Of the 7,722 children collected during the study period, 130 had strabismus, a rate of 1.7%. Forty three (43%) children were boys and 74 (57%) were girls with a sex ratio of 0.75. The average age of the first consultation was 9.3 ± 3.2 years old (1 to 16). The age group of 2-6 years old was the most represented with 43.9% of patients. Depending on the type of strabismus we found as many convergent as divergent strabismus which affects both girls and boys. There was 72.3% monocular strabismus and 27.7% alternation. Dominance was greater on the right, 30.7% and 15.4% dominance on the left. The majority of patients had an initial angle ≥ 25 prismatic diopters (∆), i.e. 43%, 38.5% had a deviation between 10 and 25∆, 18.5% had a deviation between 10 and 5∆. Ametropia was associated with strabismus in 107 patients or 82% of the cases. Optical and orthoptic treatment was prescribed in 67.7% of cases. 11 patients had deep amblyopia. After treatment 54% of the patients had a final deviation ≤ 10∆ and 29.1% had a final deviation ≥ 25 ∆. Conclusion: We found as many convergent strabismus as divergent strabismus. The most representative age group was that of 2 to 6 years old. The treatment was optical and orthoptic.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Faculty of Health Sciences, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo

  • Faculty of Health Sciences, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo

  • Faculty of Health Sciences, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo

  • Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Brazzaville, Congo

  • Sections